A montage of Addis Ababas sights from left to right Top Addis Ababa City Hall, Lion of Judah Monument, Tiglachin Monument Middle St. Georges Cathedral, Yekatit. Kantian essay asian parents sacrifice essay truth and reconciliation commission south africa essay student nurse reflection essay english essay on our earth our. The Major Ethiopian Milksheds An assessment of development potential. Wytze Brandsma, Dawit Mengistu, Binyam Kassa, Mahlet Yohannes and Jan van der Lee. Building a Venushardy probe poses unique challenges, and a lot of folks are working on it. Another team at NASA, unrelated to AREE, is currently building computer. Nomenclature. The Greek name from, Aithiops, an Ethiopian is a compound word, derived from the two Greek words, from. Ethiopian Building Code Standard Pdf' title='Ethiopian Building Code Standard Pdf' />Addis Ababa Wikipedia. Addis Ababa. Capital. Nicknames City of Humans, Adisaba, Sheger, Adu, Adu Genet. Location in Ethiopia. Coordinates 914. N3. E 9. N 3. 8. 7. 40. E 9. Country Ethiopia. Chartered City. Addis Ababa. Chartered. 18. 86. Government  Mayor. Diriba Kuma. Area  Capital. Land. 52. 7 km. 2 2. Elevation. 2,3. 55 m 7,7. Population 2. 00. Capital. 3,3. 84,5. Density. 5,1. 65. Urban. 3,3. 84,5. Metro. 4,5. 67,8. Time zone. East Africa Time UTC3Area codes2. Website. Official website. Addis Ababa Amharic Addis Abba. IPA addis abba  listen, new flower Oromo Finfinne,34fnfn. Natural Springs or Addis Abeba the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority, is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It has a population of 3,3. This number has been increased from the originally published 2,7. As a chartered city ras gez astedader, Addis Ababa has the status of both a city and a state. It is where the African Union is and its predecessor the OAU was based. It also hosts the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ECA and numerous other continental and international organizations. Addis Ababa is therefore often referred to as the political capital of Africa for its historical, diplomatic and political significance for the continent. The city is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia. It is home to Addis Ababa University. HistoryeditEntoto is one of a handful of sites put forward as a possible location for a medieval imperial capital known as Barara. This permanent fortified city was established during the early to mid 1. Lebna Dingel. 7 The city was depicted standing between Mounts Zikwala and Menegasha on a map drawn by the Italian cartographer Fra Mauro in around 1. Ahmed Gragn while the imperial army was trapped on the south of the Awash River in 1. Yemeni writer Arab Faqih. The suggestion that Barara was located on Mount Entoto is supported by the very recent discovery of a large medieval town overlooking Addis Ababa located between rock hewn Washa Mikael and the more modern church of Entoto Maryam, founded in the late 1. Emperor Menelik. Dubbed the Pentagon, the 3. The site of Addis Ababa was chosen by Empress Taytu Betul and the city was founded in 1. Emperor Menelik II. Menelik, as initially a King of the Shewa province, had found Mount Entoto a useful base for military operations in the south of his realm, and in 1. Ahmad ibn Ibrihim. His interest in the area grew when his wife Taytu began work on a church on Mount Entoto, and Menelik endowed a second church in the area. However, the immediate area did not encourage the founding of a town for lack of firewood and water, so settlement actually began in the valley south of the mountain in 1. Initially, Taytu built a house for herself near the Filwoha hot mineral springs, where she and members of the Showan Royal Court liked to take mineral baths. Other nobility and their staff and households settled in the vicinity, and Menelik expanded his wifes house to become the Imperial Palace which remains the seat of government in Addis Ababa today. The name changed to Addis Ababa and became Ethiopias capital when Menelik II became Emperor of Ethiopia. The town grew by leaps and bounds. One of Emperor Meneliks contributions that are still visible today is the planting of numerous Eucalyptus trees along the city streets. Following all the major engagements of their invasion. Italian troops from the colony of Eritrea entered Addis Ababa on 5 May 1. Along with Dire Dawa, the city had been spared the aerial bombardment including the use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas practiced elsewhere and its railway to Djibouti remained intact. After the occupation the city served as the Duke of Aostas capital for the unified of Italian East Africa until 1. Amba Alagi and other redoubts during the Second World Wars East African Campaign. The city was liberated by Major Orde Wingate and negus Haile Selassie for Ethiopian Gideon Force and Ethiopian resistance in time to permit Emperor Haile Selassies return on 5 May 1. Following reconstruction, Haile Selassie helped form the Organisation of African Unity in 1. The OAU was dissolved in 2. African Union AU, also headquartered in Addis Ababa. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa also has its headquarters in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa was also the site of the Council of the Oriental Orthodox Churches in 1. Ethiopia has often been called the original home of mankind because of various humanoid fossil discoveries like the Australopithecine. Lucy. 1. 0 North eastern Africa, and the Afar region in particular was the central focus of these claims until recent DNA evidence suggested origins in south central Ethiopian regions like present day Addis Ababa. After analysing the DNA of almost 1,0. Addis Ababa 1. 00,0. The research indicated that genetic diversity decreases steadily the farther ones ancestors traveled from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Geographyedit. Addis Ababa and vicinities false colors satellite image it is an urbanization strip connecting Addis Ababa and Debre Zeyit city at image right bottom corner. Addis Ababa seen from SPOT satellite. Mr Oizo Stade 3. Addis Ababa lies at an elevation of 2,3. N3. 84. 42. 4E 9. N 3. 8. 7. 40. 00E 9. Coordinates 914. N3. E 9. N 3. 8. 7. 40. E 9. The city lies at the foot of Mount Entoto and forms part of the watershed for the Awash. From its lowest point, around Bole International Airport, at 2,3. Entoto Mountains to the north. SubdivisioneditThe city is divided into 1. Amharic, kifle ketema, and 9. Amharic, kebele. 1. The 1. 0 subcities are Nr. Subcity. Area kmPopulation. Density. Map. 1Addis Ketema2. Akaky Kaliti2. 11. Arada2. 29. 9. 12. Bole2. 31. 22. 0. Gullele2. 43. 0. Kirkos2. Kolfe Keranio2. 66. Lideta2. 79. 1. Nifas Silk Lafto2. Yeka2. 98. 5. 4. ClimateeditAddis Ababa. Climate chart explanationJFMAMJJASONDAverage max. CPrecipitation totals in mm. Source NMAE3. 0Imperial conversion. JFMAMJJASONDAverage max. FPrecipitation totals in inches. Addis Ababa has a subtropical highland climate Kppen Cwb. The city has a complex mix of highland climate zones, with temperature differences of up to 1. C 1. 8 F, depending on elevation and prevailing wind patterns. The high elevation moderates temperatures year round, and the citys position near the equator means that temperatures are very constant from month to month. As such the climate would be maritime if its elevation was not taken into account, as no month is above 2. C 7. 2 F in mean temperatures. Mid November to January is a season for occasional rain. The highland climate regions are characterized by dry winters, and this is the dry season in Addis Ababa. During this season the daily maximum temperatures are usually not more than 2. C 7. 3 F, and the night time minimum temperatures can drop to freezing. The short rainy season is from February to May. During this period, the difference between the daytime maximum temperatures and the night time minimum temperatures is not as great as during other times of the year, with minimum temperatures in the range of 1. C 5. 05. 9 F. At this time of the year, the city experiences warm temperatures and a pleasant rainfall. The long wet season is from June to mid September it is the major winter season of the country. This period coincides with summer, but the temperatures are much lower than at other times of year because of the frequent rain and hail and the abundance of cloud cover and fewer hours of sunshine. This time of the year is characterized by dark, chilly and wet days and nights. The autumn which follows is a transitional period between the wet and dry seasons. The highest temperature on record was 3. C 9. 0 F 2. 7 August 1. C 3. 2 F on 2. November 1. Climate data for Addis Ababa. Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. In depth Analysis The State of Emergency is over but the fate of thousands hangs inside Ethiopias politicized court rooms, unlawfully. Among the thousands facing criminal charges in the wake of the So. E are these group of women in Assela town. Liyat Fekade Addis Abeba, August 2. On Friday August 0. Ethiopian parliament have reconvened after having been called off their summer recess. El Encantador De Perros Libro Pdf Descargar Gratis'>El Encantador De Perros Libro Pdf Descargar Gratis. Of the three topics they reconvened to discuss was the lifting of the ten month old State of Emergency So. E, first declared on Oct. Briefing the members of parliament MPs on the need to lift the So. E, Defense Minister Siraj Fegessa, who is also the secretariat of the command post established to oversee the implementations of the So. E, said that the country was experiencing a return to normalcy as compared to the months and days prior to the declaration of the emergency decree, hence the need to lift the So. E. However, almost as news besides the lifting of the So. E, Siraj Fegessa told the lawmakers that there were 7, 7. According to Siraj, 4, 1. Oromia regional state, the epicenterof the 2. Amhara regional state, which followed suit six months into the protests in Oromia 1, 1. Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional state SNNPR and 5. Addis Abeba. It was a dj vu. Left 4 Dead 2 Game For Laptop. Ethiopians are acutely familiar with the governments intuitive response of mass detention that quickly follows popular anti government protests. Tens of thousands of Ethiopians from all walks of life had ended up in the countrys military camps, prisons wards and temporary detention facilities in the post 2. These detainees include students, mothers and in some instances, government employees Reminiscent of that recent past, 2. Ethiopians were detained in two rounds during in the first few weeks into the October So. E, according to the governments own account. However, countless others were already detained in the lead up to October 2. Grieving in Ethiopias politicized court rooms. It is worth mentioning here that the 7, 7. Siraj Fegessa said would be brought to face justiceon Dec. In what could safely be considered as politically motivated act, the federal Supreme Court has placed considerable pressures on courts and prisons authorities in Oromia, Amhara and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regional states to bring thousands of detainees to Addis Abeba for them to be tried with terrorism offenses, a senior judge in Adama, 1. Addis Abeba, told Addis Standard. A somewhat similar incident in post 2. Oromia Regional State Supreme court, Teshale Aberra, into exile. Judge Teshale Abera is now living in exile Speaking from his exile in the UK, Teshale told Addis Standard that in 2. Supreme Court widened when the later requested him to facilitate the trials of some 1. Oromia regional state after having been detained in the capital Addis Abeba. Because the case concerned protesters who supported the opposition CUD, which won all the 2. Addis Abeba in the federal parliament, and because many of the judges who were presiding in the federal courts in the capital were ethnic Amharas, authorities at the federal Supreme Court believed that the trial would lack judicial impartiality from the judges, Teshale said. This was a clear case of politically motivated decision, which I refused to accept. Teshales experience in 2. Ethiopia, leaving the fate of hundreds of Ethiopians detained during protest crackdowns and subsequently prosecuted hanging in the countrys politicized court rooms. For starters, detainees are often brought to the capital from all corners of the country to face terrorism charges. This practice often exposes  detainees to extrajudicial brutalities, including torture, inside prison facilities in the capital, especially the notorious Maekelawi prison, where hundreds are forced to spend months on end without any due legal process. It also leaves detainees isolated from family members, thereby denying them of adequate legal representations. A data available on newly established tracking website documents the number of people brought from different parts of the country and are facing terrorism charges in the capital, which shows a recent sharp increase since Ethiopia first introduced the Anti Terrorism Proclamation ATP in 2. The iconic picture of activist Nigist Yirga wearing a t shirt with a text The People of Amhara are not terroristsOf the close to 9. Gonder and Bahir Dar of the Amhara Regional state. Activist Nigist Yirga, known by her iconic protest picture captured during last years protests in Amhara regional state with a text The People of Amhara are not terrorists, is facing terrorism charges along with Alemneh Wase Gebre Mariam, Tewdros Telay, Awoke Abate, Belayneh Alemneh, Yared Girma in the federal high court 4th criminal bench here in the capital. A recent short animation video produced by the Ethiopia Human Rights Project EHRP sheds light on the disturbing abuse Nigist Yirga sustained while she was held in Maekelawi. However, Nigists case neither her arrest nor the prison abuses she is subjected to is by no means an isolated one. On July 2. 52. 01. Ayele Beyene, who died while in police custody at Qilinto prison, a maximum prison facility on the southern outskirt of Addis Abeba, have received and buried his body in his home town in Gidami, east Wallaga zone of western Ethiopia. After having spent months at Maekelawi following their arrest in October 2. Ayele and seven others with him were charged on May 1. Ayele Beyene died while in police custody. He was detained in Oct. May 2. 01. 7. Delegation of federal courts jurisdiction. Perhaps beyond and above this disturbing practice is the constitutional legality of transferring detainees from other parts of the country to face terrorism charges in the capital Addis Abeba. The federal Constitution and the criminal justice policy adopted in 2. It is a legal practice which relegates regional states in a federated Ethiopia to depend on the federal government concerning criminal matters that are political in nature, in particular terrorism related offenses. Currently, there are two tiered courts both at the federal and state levels in Ethiopia the Federal Supreme Court, Federal High and First Instance Courts, and the State Supreme Court, State High and First Instance Courts. Article 8. 0 of the federal constitution clearly stipulates that State Supreme Courts have the highest and final judicial power over State matters. Quote They shall also exercise the Jurisdiction of the Federal High Court by delegation. State High Courts shall, in addition to State jurisdiction, exercise the jurisdiction of the Federal First Instance Court. In other words, although the legislative criminal power has been centralized by the Federal Government in Ethiopia and has been ferociously applied to punish dissenting, it is, at the same time, decentralized in terms of its execution and adjudication by doctrine of delegation, at least on paper. According to Yohannes Bekele name changed, a former public prosecutor who is currently an attorney and counselor at law, there are two arguments to be made on the issue of criminal jurisdiction. The first is that all cases arising from the Federal Criminal Code should be the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal Courts in line with Art. Federal Court Proclamation No. This is the common argument the federal government criminal investigation and prosecution organs use when they want to investigate a crime of their interest, Yohannes told Addis Standard.